Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...
Nitriles to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:08

Nitriles to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

Nitriles undergo acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or base-catalyzed hydrolysis to form a carboxylic acid. These reactions proceed via an amide intermediate.
Biosynthesis of Lipids01:29

Biosynthesis of Lipids

Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, which...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which provide...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Adropin protects against cardiac remodeling and metabolic dysfunction in a male mouse HFpEF model.

Clinical science (London, England : 1979)·2026
Same author

NAT10-dependent N<sup>4</sup>-acetylcytidine reprograms R-loops and promotes cancer stem cell growth.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Postprandial lipid metabolism durably enhances T cell immunity.

Nature·2026
Same author

Extracellular ATP drives tryptophan metabolism and aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation to promote cellular senescence.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same author

Postprandial lipid metabolism durably enhances T cell immunity.

Nature·2026
Same author

Nitroalkenes exploit dependence on autophagy-lysosome pathway in PARPi-Resistant triple negative breast cancer.

Cancer letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Quantitative Determination of De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis in Brown Adipose Tissue Using Deuterium Oxide
07:34

Quantitative Determination of De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis in Brown Adipose Tissue Using Deuterium Oxide

Published on: May 12, 2023

Nitrated fatty acids: synthesis and measurement.

Steven R Woodcock1, Gustavo Bonacci, Stacy L Gelhaus

  • 1Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|December 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Nitrated fatty acids, products of nitrogen dioxide and unsaturated fatty acids, are challenging to detect. This study presents robust methods for their synthesis, extraction, and detection using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

More Related Videos

Fatty Acid 13C Isotopologue Profiling Provides Insight into Trophic Carbon Transfer and Lipid Metabolism of Invertebrate Consumers
11:14

Fatty Acid 13C Isotopologue Profiling Provides Insight into Trophic Carbon Transfer and Lipid Metabolism of Invertebrate Consumers

Published on: April 17, 2018

Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method
08:25

Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method

Published on: December 25, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Quantitative Determination of De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis in Brown Adipose Tissue Using Deuterium Oxide
07:34

Quantitative Determination of De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis in Brown Adipose Tissue Using Deuterium Oxide

Published on: May 12, 2023

Fatty Acid 13C Isotopologue Profiling Provides Insight into Trophic Carbon Transfer and Lipid Metabolism of Invertebrate Consumers
11:14

Fatty Acid 13C Isotopologue Profiling Provides Insight into Trophic Carbon Transfer and Lipid Metabolism of Invertebrate Consumers

Published on: April 17, 2018

Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method
08:25

Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method

Published on: December 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Nitrated fatty acids are formed from nitrogen dioxide reacting with unsaturated fatty acids.
  • Endogenous nitrated fatty acids were discovered via peroxynitrite and peroxidase-induced biomolecule nitration.
  • These molecules elevate during ischemia/reperfusion but are often near detection limits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate methods for nitrated fatty acid synthesis.
  • To establish efficient extraction techniques from biological samples.
  • To provide a rigorous approach for qualitative and quantitative detection.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of nitrated fatty acids.
  • Extraction from complex biological matrices.
  • Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for detection.

Main Results:

  • Multiple synthesis and extraction methods were optimized.
  • A rigorous LC-MS method for nitrated fatty acid detection was established.
  • Optimized instrument conditions and data interpretation caveats were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • This work provides essential methodologies for studying nitrated fatty acids.
  • The described techniques enhance the ability to detect and quantify these important biomarkers.
  • Further research into nitrated fatty acid roles in biological processes is facilitated.