Sub-population structure evident in forensic Y-STR profiles from Armenian geographical groups

Area of Science:

• Population Genetics
• Human Migration Studies
• Forensic Genetics

Background:

• Armenia's history involves indigenous cultures and foreign invasions, potentially influencing its gene pool.
• Regional Armenian populations exhibit unique demographic histories with both local and external genetic inputs.
• Understanding Armenian population substructure offers insights into Eurasian genetic history.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the genetic substructure of the Armenian population using Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci.
• To investigate regional genetic trends and historical migration patterns within Armenia.
• To contextualize Armenian genetic composition within broader Eurasian populations and ancient DNA.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of 17 Y-STR loci from 412 Armenians across four distinct geographical groups.
• Comparison of Armenian Y-STR profiles with 18 Eurasian populations and two ancient DNA collections.
• Phylogenetic analysis to identify genetic relationships and population substructure.

Main Results:

• Identified regional trends in Armenian paternal lineages and locale-specific affinities with neighboring regions.
• Observed a distinct phylogenetic relationship between the Northern Caucasus and the Sasun Armenian group.
• Demonstrated genetic divergence of the Sasun group from other Armenian populations studied.

Conclusions:

• Armenian paternal lineages show significant regional variation and historical influences.
• The genetic divergence of the Sasun group is linked to Northern Caucasus populations.
• Sub-population analysis is crucial for accurate forensic and population genetics studies in Armenia.