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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
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Published on: March 1, 2024

Burning mouth syndrome.

Heidi C Crow1, Yoly Gonzalez

  • 1Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University at Buffalo, 355 Squire Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA. hccrow@buffalo.edu

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America
|December 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Burning mouth syndrome causes oral burning pain without identifiable local or systemic factors. This article explores primary burning mouth syndrome, focusing on its characteristics, causes, and treatments when other conditions are ruled out.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by oral burning sensations.
  • Secondary BMS is linked to identifiable local or systemic factors and resolves with treatment.
  • Primary BMS occurs without identifiable causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe primary burning mouth syndrome.
  • To explore etiologic theories for primary BMS.
  • To outline management strategies for primary BMS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of primary burning mouth syndrome.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for primary BMS.
  • Synthesis of current treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • Primary BMS presents as a chronic condition with burning pain.
  • Etiologic theories include neuropathic, psychogenic, and systemic factors.
  • Management involves a multidisciplinary approach, often including pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Primary burning mouth syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion.
  • Understanding its complex etiology is crucial for effective management.
  • Multimodal treatment strategies are essential for improving patient outcomes.