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Related Concept Videos

Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of their outer...
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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Whole Body Regeneration01:33

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Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential; even...

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Abnormal Hearing Phenotypes in "Ignorome" Knockout Mice as Predictors of Cognitive Dysfunction.

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In Ovo and Ex Ovo Methods to Study Avian Inner Ear Development
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Published on: June 16, 2022

Return of function after hair cell regeneration.

Brenda M Ryals1, Micheal L Dent, Robert J Dooling

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, 701 Carrier Drive, MSC 4304, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA. ryalsbm@jmu.edu

Hearing Research
|December 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Birds regenerate lost hair cells to restore hearing. This review examines how this regeneration impacts auditory sensitivity and complex sound perception in birds, crucial for survival and reproduction.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Hair cell regeneration is key to restoring hearing function.
  • Birds are a unique model for studying hearing regeneration due to early song development and natural regeneration.
  • Auditory perception and production are critical for avian survival and reproduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on behavioral measures of auditory function after hair cell regeneration in birds.
  • To assess the impact of hair cell regeneration on pure-tone hearing, complex sound discrimination, and vocalization production.
  • To discuss the implications of temporary hearing loss and recovery on auditory and vocal learning.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on behavioral studies of auditory function in birds post-hair cell regeneration.
  • Analysis of studies investigating pure-tone hearing recovery after ototoxic drug-induced hair cell loss.
  • Examination of research on complex acoustic signal perception and vocal production following regeneration.

Main Results:

  • Hearing sensitivity is largely restored after hair cell regeneration, with exceptions in high frequencies.
  • Enduring changes in complex auditory perception occur, but do not impede future auditory or vocal learning.
  • Regenerated auditory systems support the perception and production of species-specific vocalizations.

Conclusions:

  • Hair cell regeneration in birds effectively restores hearing sensitivity, enabling crucial auditory functions.
  • While complex auditory perception shows lasting alterations, it does not hinder adaptive auditory and vocal behaviors.
  • Bird models offer significant insights into the functional recovery of hearing and auditory processing post-regeneration.