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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...

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[Diagnosis and treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis : S3 guideline of the German Society for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology e. V. (DGRh) and German Society for Internal Medicine e. V. (DGIM), German Society for Nephrology e. V. (DGfN), German Society for ENT Medicine and Head and Neck Surgery e. V. (DGHNO-KHC), German Ophthalmological Society e. V. (DOG), German Society for Neurology e. V. (DGN), German Society for Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine e. V. (DGP), German Society for Pathology e. V. (DGP), German Radiological Society, Society for Medical Radiology e. V. (DRG), Federal Association of German Pathologists, Federal Kidney Association e. V., German Rheumatism League Federal Association e. V.]

Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie·2025
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[Diagnosis and treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis : SHORT VERSION of the S3 guideline of the German Society for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology e. V. (DGRh) and German Society for Internal Medicine e. V. (DGIM), German Society for Nephrology e. V. (DGfN), German Society for Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery e. V. (DGHNO-KHC), German Ophthalmological Society e. V. (DOG), German Society for Neurology e. V. (DGN), German Society for Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine e. V. (DGP), German Society for Pathology e. V. (DGP), German Radiological Society, Society for Medical Radiology e. V. (DRG), Federal Association of German Pathologists, Federal Kidney Association e. V., German Rheumatism League Federal Association e. V.]

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

[Lupusnephritis].

M Haubitz1

  • 1Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum Fulda gAG, Pacelliallee 4, 36043, Fulda, Deutschland. marion.haubitz@klinikum-fulda.de

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|December 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often involves kidney complications, requiring tailored treatments based on histological class. Novel therapies target B-cells and cytokines, with belimumab offering a new option for SLE patients.

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Murine Bilateral Renal Lymphadenectomy
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Murine Bilateral Renal Lymphadenectomy

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Murine Bilateral Renal Lymphadenectomy
06:31

Murine Bilateral Renal Lymphadenectomy

Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently presents with renal manifestations, significantly impacting patient morbidity and mortality.
  • Histological classification of lupus nephritis dictates specific therapeutic strategies.
  • Current treatment paradigms range from immunosuppression to targeted therapies based on disease class.

Purpose:

  • To outline the different histological classes of lupus nephritis and their associated treatment protocols.
  • To discuss emerging therapeutic approaches, including B-cell depletion and cytokine inhibition.
  • To highlight the recent approval of belimumab, a B-lymphocyte-stimulating factor inhibitor, for SLE treatment.

Summary:

  • Lupus nephritis exhibits six histological classes, each requiring distinct management.
  • Class II (mesangial proliferative) nephritis treatment focuses on extrarenal manifestations.
  • Class III/IV (proliferative) nephritis necessitates cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).
  • Class V (membranous) nephritis benefits from dual renin-angiotensin aldosterone (RAAS) blockade.
  • Class I and VI nephritis do not require immunosuppressive therapy.
  • Novel treatments involve B-cell depletion and cytokine inhibition.
  • Belimumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting B-lymphocyte-stimulating factor (Blys), is a new approved therapy for SLE.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of lupus nephritis classification and treatment.
  • Highlights the evolving landscape of SLE therapeutics with new targeted agents.
  • Emphasizes the importance of histological diagnosis for guiding patient management and improving outcomes.