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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 

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Updated: May 16, 2026

Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis
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Published on: August 26, 2025

Treating vasculitis with conventional immunosuppressive agents.

David Jayne1

  • 1Vasculitis and Lupus Clinic, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK. dj106@cam.ac.uk

Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
|December 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Standard treatments for vasculitis like granulomatosis with polyangiitis often cause side effects. Research explores safer alternatives to reduce long-term toxicity while maintaining remission and preventing relapse.

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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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Published on: February 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Immunology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Standard therapy for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and related vasculitides involves cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids.
  • While effective for remission, this standard treatment is associated with frequent relapses and significant treatment-related morbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical trial data on alternative therapies for GPA and other vasculitides.
  • To identify less toxic treatment options that minimize long-term exposure to cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids.
  • To emphasize individualized risk assessment for optimizing treatment selection and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of clinical trial data on alternative treatments for vasculitis.
  • Analysis of efficacy, safety, and toxicity profiles of novel agents and delivery methods.
  • Evaluation of strategies for reducing reliance on standard immunosuppressive therapies.

Main Results:

  • Clinical trials have identified promising alternative agents and delivery methods for vasculitis treatment.
  • These alternatives aim to reduce the cumulative toxicity associated with long-term cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoid use.
  • Data suggests that tailored treatment selection based on individual patient risk can enhance effectiveness and safety.

Conclusions:

  • Less toxic alternatives to standard cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoid therapy are emerging for vasculitis.
  • Reducing long-term immunosuppression is key to improving patient safety and preventing relapse.
  • Personalized medicine approaches, considering individual risk factors, are crucial for optimizing vasculitis management.