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Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment
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Published on: September 14, 2013

Enterococci in the environment.

Muruleedhara N Byappanahalli1, Meredith B Nevers, Asja Korajkic

  • 1US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center, Porter, Indiana, USA.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR
|December 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enterococci bacteria, used as fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), can thrive in environments without obvious fecal sources. Understanding their environmental ecology is crucial for accurate water quality monitoring and assessing public health risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Public Health
  • Water Quality Assessment

Background:

  • Enterococci are common gut commensals in mammals and birds.
  • They are opportunistic pathogens causing significant annual infections.
  • Enterococci serve as fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) for water quality testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distribution and microbial ecology of enterococci in environmental habitats.
  • To outline enterococci sources, sinks, and fluxes.
  • To discuss the utility of enterococci as FIB and emerging monitoring methodologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on enterococci distribution and ecology.
  • Analysis of environmental stressors affecting enterococci.
  • Overview of microbial source tracking (MST) and predictive modeling.

Main Results:

  • Enterococci can exist in high densities independent of direct fecal contamination.
  • Environmental reservoirs act as significant sources and sinks for enterococci.
  • Widespread extraenteric sources and reservoirs of enterococci are increasingly recognized.

Conclusions:

  • Enterococci's ecology in natural environments requires further understanding.
  • Their role as opportunistic pathogens and indicators necessitates a broader ecological perspective.
  • Emerging methodologies are vital for effective water quality monitoring.