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Related Concept Videos

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
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Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Enucleation of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Using a 980 nm Diode Laser
05:28

Enucleation of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Using a 980 nm Diode Laser

Published on: May 5, 2020

Prostatic arterial embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia: short- and intermediate-term results.

João Pisco1, Luís Campos Pinheiro, Tiago Bilhim

  • 1Department of Interventional Radiology, Hospital São Luís, Rua Luz Soriano 182, 1200-249 Lisbon, Portugal.

Radiology
|December 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) offers a safe and effective treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) after medical therapy failure. This minimally invasive procedure provides significant symptom relief and prostate volume reduction with low complication rates.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Enucleation of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Using a 980 nm Diode Laser
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Surgical Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP).
06:04

Surgical Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP).

Published on: March 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Interventional Radiology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) significantly impacts quality of life for aging men.
  • Medical management of BPH often fails, necessitating alternative treatments.
  • Prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) is an emerging minimally invasive option.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the safety and efficacy of PAE in men with BPH refractory to medical treatment.
  • To evaluate short- and intermediate-term outcomes, including symptom scores and prostate volume.
  • To determine the morbidity and complication rates associated with PAE.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 89 men over 50 with symptomatic BPH unresponsive to 6 months of medical therapy.
  • PAE performed using polyvinyl alcohol particles via a single femoral approach.
  • Outcomes assessed up to 24 months, including International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), peak urinary flow, postvoid residual, International Index Erectile Function (IIEF), and prostate volume.

Main Results:

  • PAE achieved technical success in 97% of patients.
  • Significant improvements observed in IPSS, QOL, peak urinary flow, prostate volume, and postvoid residual at 1 month, sustained up to 24 months.
  • Low morbidity with one major complication (necrotic tissue requiring simple surgery); no sexual dysfunction reported.

Conclusions:

  • PAE is a safe and effective treatment for BPH in patients who have failed medical therapy.
  • The procedure demonstrates good short- and intermediate-term symptomatic control and prostate volume reduction.
  • PAE is associated with low morbidity and does not cause sexual dysfunction.