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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
Uterus and Cervix01:18

Uterus and Cervix

The uterus, commonly called the womb, is a vital reproductive organ in females designed to provide a nurturing environment for the implantation and growth of an embryo. It is shaped like a hollow pear and positioned between the urinary bladder and the rectum. The uterus's structure allows it to support and protect a developing fetus throughout pregnancy.
The uterus is securely anchored within the pelvic cavity by paired broad ligaments on either side. It is further stabilized by three pairs of...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

Child birth, pregnancy and pelvic floor dysfunction.

T V Chitra1, Seetha Panicker

  • 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, P.S.G. Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, 641 004 Tamil Nadu India.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India
|December 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Urinary incontinence affects 18.6% of women post-childbirth, increasing with age and parity. Cesarean section did not significantly reduce incontinence rates compared to vaginal delivery.

Keywords:
Anal incontinence post deliveryUrinary incontinence post delivery

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Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
07:41

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Published on: April 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Urology
  • Pelvic Floor Disorders

Background:

  • Childbirth is a significant risk factor for pelvic floor dysfunction.
  • Urinary incontinence is a common, yet often underreported, consequence of childbirth.
  • Understanding contributing factors is crucial for prevention and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women after childbirth.
  • To examine the association between incontinence and factors such as age, parity, mode of delivery, and birth weight.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving a questionnaire administered by trained interviewers.
  • Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.

Main Results:

  • The overall prevalence of incontinence was 18.6%.
  • Incontinence rates were higher in multiparous women (26.4%) compared to primiparous women (12.5%).
  • Incontinence incidence increased with advancing maternal age, and no significant difference was observed between LSCS (16%) and normal delivery (19.8%).

Conclusions:

  • Pelvic floor dysfunction, particularly stress urinary incontinence, is common after childbirth and is associated with increased parity.
  • Cesarean section (LSCS) did not demonstrate a significant protective effect against incontinence in this study.
  • Further research into preventative measures and targeted interventions for women experiencing postpartum incontinence is warranted.