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Profile of candidiasis in HIV infected patients

Khan P Anwar1, A Malik, Khan H Subhan

  • 1Department of Microbiology J.N.M.C.H, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.

Iranian Journal of Microbiology
|December 4, 2012
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in HIV patients, particularly when CD4 counts are below 200 cells/µL. Candida albicans is most common, with fluconazole resistance noted, unlike voriconazole.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • HIV/AIDS Research

Background:

  • Candidiasis is a frequent opportunistic infection in individuals with HIV.
  • Oropharyngeal Candidiasis risk increases significantly when CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts drop below 200 cells/µL.
  • Emerging resistance of Candida species to antifungal agents is a growing concern, especially in advanced immunosuppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of candidiasis in HIV-positive patients.
  • To identify the species of Candida causing infections.
  • To assess antifungal resistance patterns and correlate with CD4 cell counts.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study conducted over two years (2010-2011).
  • Involved clinical examination, specimen collection, and laboratory processing for Candida detection.
  • Included Candida speciation, antifungal sensitivity testing, and CD4 cell count estimation.

Main Results:

  • Candidiasis was diagnosed in 80 out of 165 HIV-positive patients.
  • Candida albicans was the predominant species isolated.
  • Patients with candidiasis exhibited CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm³; significant fluconazole resistance was observed, while voriconazole showed no resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Candidiasis remains a primary opportunistic fungal infection in HIV-positive individuals, affecting mucocutaneous sites and sometimes becoming invasive.
  • Antifungal resistance in Candida species is a significant clinical challenge.
  • Low CD4 counts are strongly associated with candidiasis development in HIV patients.
Keywords:
AIDSCD4 countCandidaHIV

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