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Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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Related Experiment Video

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Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
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Published on: April 14, 2017

Enteric neurons show a primary cilium.

Ma José Luesma1, Irene Cantarero, Tomás Castiella

  • 1Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. mjluesma@unizar.es

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|December 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified primary cilia in enteric nervous system neurons for the first time in mammals. This finding may explain the enteric nervous system's (ENS) similarity to the central nervous system (CNS) and its role in health and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Primary cilia are crucial for cellular signaling, development, and homeostasis.
  • Defects in primary cilia cause human diseases known as ciliopathies.
  • Primary cilia are found in the central nervous system (CNS) but their presence in the enteric nervous system (ENS) remains undescribed in mammals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the ultrastructural characteristics of primary cilia in enteric nervous system neurons.
  • To investigate the potential role of primary cilia in ENS function.
  • To highlight the similarities between the ENS and CNS.

Main Methods:

  • Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of cilia in rat duodenum myenteric plexus neurons.
  • Literature review on primary cilia function in the CNS was conducted.
  • Comparison of ENS and CNS ultrastructure.

Main Results:

  • The study provides the first description of primary cilia in differentiated neurons of the mammalian enteric nervous system.
  • Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the presence of 9+0 cilia in these neurons.
  • The findings suggest a potential role for primary cilia in ENS signaling and function, similar to their role in the CNS.

Conclusions:

  • Primary cilia are present in enteric nervous system neurons, expanding our understanding of these organelles' distribution.
  • The presence of primary cilia in the ENS may contribute to its functional resemblance to the CNS.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific functions of primary cilia in the ENS and their implications for gastrointestinal health and disease.