Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...

Biological Effects of Radiation

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...

Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic

Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic

The correlation between a drug's dosage and its impact on a biological system is a cornerstone of pharmacology and toxicology. Conventional dose–response curves, which include graded and quantal relationships, are key to this understanding. Graded dose–response curves depict the spectrum of a biological reaction to different doses within an individual, indicating that as the drug dosage increases, so does the intensity of the response. On the other hand, quantal dose–response relationships...

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Drowning prevention knowledge and risk behaviors among children and adolescents in China: a cross-sectional study.

Frontiers in public health·2026

Same author

Reirradiation treatment effects in the clinic (ReTEC) proposal - proof of concept based on spinal cord dose tolerance for reirradiation with stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Journal of applied clinical medical physics·2026

Same author

Application of support vector machines for modeling dosimetric uncertainty in radiotherapy planning.

Radiological physics and technology·2026

Same author

Reirradiation Collaborative Group (ReCOG) consensus on standards for dose evaluation and reporting in patients with multiple courses of radiation therapy: an AAPM/ACRO/ASTRO/CARO/COMP/CADRA/CPQR/ESTRO/NRG-endorsed consensus statement.

The Lancet. Oncology·2026

Same author

Response to "A threshold without a map: Why isodose normalization must accompany D95/D2 TCP cutpoints".

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology·2026

Same author

Tumor control probability modeling of pulmonary metastases in oligometastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

Dose-volume effects on brainstem dose tolerance in radiosurgery.

Jinyu Xue¹, H Warren Goldman, Jimm Grimm

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey 08103, USA. xue-jinyu@cooperhealth.edu

Journal of Neurosurgery

|December 5, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) delivers high brainstem doses, yet severe complications are rare. This suggests a small brainstem volume can tolerate extreme radiation doses due to steep dose gradients in SRS.

More Related Videos

Treatment of Liver Metastases Using an Internal Target Volume Method for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Treatment of Liver Metastases Using an Internal Target Volume Method for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Published on: May 8, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

Treatment of Liver Metastases Using an Internal Target Volume Method for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Treatment of Liver Metastases Using an Internal Target Volume Method for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Published on: May 8, 2018

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Radiation Oncology
Medical Physics

Background:

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) involves delivering high single-fraction doses to the brainstem.
Comparing brainstem dose tolerance in SRS for TN with conventional and hypofractionated treatments for other conditions is crucial.
Existing literature shows no severe toxicity despite high doses in TN SRS, unlike other high-dose brainstem procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze dose-volume data of the brainstem in SRS for TN.
To assess complications associated with brainstem radiation doses in TN SRS.
To compare TN SRS brainstem dose tolerance with established data from other radiation therapies.

Main Methods:

Literature review of TN radiosurgery articles.
Investigation and comparison of published brainstem dose tolerance data with TN SRS dose-volume data.
Biological modeling study of brainstem dose-volume data using Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, and LINAC-based systems.

Main Results:

Brainstem maximum doses in TN SRS can reach 45 Gy.
The primary complication is mild to moderate facial numbness; severe radiation toxicity is infrequent.
Despite high biologically effective doses, steep dose falloff and accurate delivery in TN SRS result in lower doses to larger brainstem volumes compared to other procedures.

Conclusions:

TN SRS patients provide a unique model for studying extreme hypofractionated radiation effects on the brainstem.
A small brainstem volume can tolerate very high doses without severe clinical injury in TN SRS.
The steep dose gradient in TN SRS is a key factor in the observed low brainstem toxicity.