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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...

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Investigating the Alleviating Effects of Bacillus cereus Administration on Colitis through Gut Microbiota Modulation
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Update on idiopathic colitides.

Sebastian Strobel1, Maria T Abreu

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.

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Summary

Latest advancements in idiopathic colitis treatment show combination therapy with anti-TNF and thiopurine is most effective for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Stem cell therapy offers promise for Crohn's disease fistulas.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background:

  • Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) with shared genetic links.
  • Microscopic colitis (MC) is another form of idiopathic colitis often associated with medications or celiac disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and microscopic colitis.
  • To highlight advancements in therapeutic strategies for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on idiopathic colitis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic tools including colonoscopy and chromoendoscopy.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions such as anti-TNF agents, thiopurines, and stem cell therapy.

Main Results:

  • Colonoscopy with chromoendoscopy aids diagnosis and dysplasia detection in UC and CD.
  • Anti-TNF therapy has transformed IBD treatment; combination therapy with azathioprine and infliximab is superior to monotherapy for UC.
  • Prolonged infliximab use in UC shows efficacy, tolerability, and reduced colectomy risk with early mucosal healing; no significant increase in anti-TNF-induced malignancies.
  • Natalizumab is effective for anti-TNF failures, with risk stratification for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
  • Microscopic colitis may be linked to medications and exacerbated by celiac disease.

Conclusions:

  • Combination therapy with an anti-TNF agent and a thiopurine is the most effective treatment for moderate-to-severe UC and CD.
  • Stem cell therapy presents a promising new approach for managing perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease patients.