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Related Concept Videos

Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Amperometry: Overview01:10

Amperometry: Overview

Amperometry is a technique commonly used to measure the concentration of specific analytes in a solution by monitoring the electric current generated during an electrochemical reaction. It involves applying a constant potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode to measure the resulting current, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The Clark oxygen electrode operates based on this principle of amperometry. It consists of a cathode and an anode enclosed...
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...

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Multi-analyte Biochip (MAB) Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes (ASSISE) for Physiological Research
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Electrochemically deposited iridium oxide reference electrode integrated with an electroenzymatic glutamate sensor on

Vanessa M Tolosa1, Kate M Wassum, Nigel T Maidment

  • 1Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|December 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel implantable electrochemical biosensor for rapid glutamate detection. The device features an on-probe iridium oxide reference electrode, improving stability and reducing tissue damage for in vivo measurements.

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A Method for Systematic Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Evaluation of Neural Recording Electrodes
09:27

A Method for Systematic Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Evaluation of Neural Recording Electrodes

Published on: March 3, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Conventional Ag/AgCl reference electrodes in biosensors are unstable and can cause inflammation.
  • Accurate and stable in vivo glutamate detection is crucial for understanding neurological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a complete electrochemical biosensor for rapid glutamate detection.
  • To incorporate an on-probe iridium oxide reference electrode (IrOx RE) as a stable alternative to Ag/AgCl REs.
  • To reduce noise and tissue damage associated with implantable biosensors.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a multi-electrode array (MEA) microprobe with electrodeposited iridium oxide (IrOx) film for the reference electrode.
  • Integration of IrOx RE, platinum counter electrode, and enzymatic glutamate sensing electrodes on a single silicon-based MEA platform.
  • Testing the stability and performance of the IrOx RE and glutamate biosensors in vitro and in vivo.

Main Results:

  • The on-probe IrOx RE demonstrated stable performance over two weeks with a pH dependence of -77±0.4 mV/pH.
  • Glutamate biosensors detected physiologically relevant glutamate concentrations and rejected interferents like dopamine and ascorbic acid.
  • On-chip integration reduced baseline noise by ~61% in vitro and ~71% in vivo, with minimized tissue damage.

Conclusions:

  • The developed MEA microprobe with an on-probe IrOx RE offers a stable and reliable platform for in vivo glutamate sensing.
  • This integrated biosensor system minimizes invasiveness and improves signal quality for neurological monitoring.
  • The technology holds promise for advanced diagnostics and research in neuroscience.