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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

ampliPHOX Colorimetric Detection on a DNA Microarray for Influenza

ampliPHOX Colorimetric Detection on a DNA Microarray for Influenza

Published on: June 9, 2011

Label-free DNA microarray bioassays using a near-field scanning microwave microscope.

Kiejin Lee¹, Arsen Babajanyan, Harutyun Melikyan

¹Department of Physics and Basic Science Institute for Cell Damage Control, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea. klee@sogang.ac.kr

Biosensors & Bioelectronics

|December 5, 2012

Summary

Near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM) effectively visualizes DNA microarrays, offering sensitive detection and high-resolution imaging for multiplexed sequence analysis. This technique demonstrates a low detection limit and high accuracy in characterizing DNA coverage and hybridization.

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A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis

A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis

Published on: September 10, 2014

Area of Science:

* Nanotechnology
* Molecular Biology
* Microwave Engineering

Background:

* DNA microarrays are crucial for genetic analysis.
* Existing readout methods have limitations in sensitivity and resolution.
* Multiplexed sequence analysis requires advanced imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

* To evaluate the applicability of near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM) for DNA microarray analysis.
* To demonstrate NSMM's capability for sensitive DNA coverage characterization and high-resolution imaging.
* To assess NSMM's performance in detecting hybridization events.

Main Methods:

* Utilizing a near-field scanning microwave microscope (NSMM) operating at approximately 4 GHz.
* Measuring changes in the microwave reflection coefficient (S₁₁) upon DNA hybridization.
* Analyzing dielectric permittivity modifications induced by sequence-specific binding.

Main Results:

* Achieved sensitive characterization of DNA coverage and high-resolution mapping (2 μm) of DNA spots.
* Demonstrated a dynamic range exceeding 3 orders of magnitude for 10-mer microarrays.
* Estimated a detection limit below 0.01 strands/μm², with capability to detect target coverages down to 98% of probe coverage.
* Obtained results consistent with complementary optical imaging.

Conclusions:

* NSMM is a viable and sensitive technique for readout and visualization of DNA microarrays.
* The method offers high resolution and a wide dynamic range for multiplexed sequence analysis.
* NSMM has potential for label-free, quantitative analysis of biological interactions on microarrays.