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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD,...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation

Auscultation is a crucial component of the physical assessment of the respiratory tract. It offers valuable insights into airflow through the bronchial tree and potential lung obstructions. This process involves careful listening to breath, voice, and adventitious sounds, which can reveal a wealth of information about a patient's respiratory health.
Breath Sounds
Breath sounds are categorized into vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial.
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical to patient care. It allows healthcare professionals to identify and manage various respiratory conditions. The process involves a combination of subjective and objective data collection.
Subjective Data
Subjective data provides vital information about the patient's health history and symptoms. This data is typically collected through interviews in which patients describe their experiences, symptoms, and concerns.
Health history and key...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach
04:47

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach

Published on: June 23, 2023

Tracheobronchial Foreign Body Aspirations: Lessons Learned From a 10-year Audit.

Jai Kumar Mahajan1, Kirti K Rathod, Monika Bawa

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology
|December 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) in children is common, especially in toddlers. Bronchoscopy is a safe and life-saving procedure for diagnosing and removing foreign bodies from the tracheobronchial tree.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach
04:47

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Foreign body aspiration (FBA) in the tracheobronchial tree requires high clinical suspicion in children with sudden onset choking or respiratory distress.
  • Asymmetric breath sounds are a key indicator, even without definitive radiographic findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the experience with foreign body aspirations in children.
  • To outline key differences in the literature regarding FBA diagnosis and management.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 184 consecutive children undergoing bronchoscopy for suspected FBA over 10 years.
  • Rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia with optical forceps was the standard procedure.

Main Results:

  • A foreign body was identified in 90.21% of patients.
  • The highest incidence of FBA was in children aged 1-5 years (75.9%).
  • Organic FBA was more common in younger children (<3 years), while non-organic FBA predominated in older children (>3 years).
  • Radiographs were suggestive in 90% of children over 5 years.
  • FBA incidence was nearly double during winter months.
  • Two patient deaths occurred.

Conclusions:

  • Bronchoscopy is a safe and potentially life-saving procedure for FBA diagnosis and treatment.
  • Clinical history (witnessed choking, sudden onset distress, asymmetric breath sounds) is crucial for decision-making.
  • Radiographic findings are less reliable in younger children.
  • Non-organic FBA is more prevalent in older children.
  • Seasonal variations in FBA incidence necessitate increased vigilance during winter.