Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Zero Time-to-Echo Imaging of the Hand and Wrist in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.

Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI·2026
Same author

Polyarteritis Nodosa and Sarcoidosis Presenting with Myalgia and Myositis-Mimicking MRI Findings: A Report of Two Cases.

Modern rheumatology case reports·2026
Same author

Phenotype-specific associations of mosaic chromosomal alterations in systemic sclerosis.

Annals of the rheumatic diseases·2026
Same author

Effectiveness and Safety of Inebilizumab for IgG4-Related Disease in a Real-World Clinical Setting in Japan: Protocol for a Long-Term Prospective Observational Study (4SigHT Study).

Rheumatology and therapy·2026
Same author

Immune regulation and cell metabolism in B cell subsets in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Obexelimab for the Treatment of IgG4-Related Disease.

The New England journal of medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist
07:48

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Published on: April 25, 2018

Spatial congregation of STAT binding directs selective nuclear architecture during T-cell functional differentiation.

Ofir Hakim1, Myong-Hee Sung, Shingo Nakayamada

  • 1Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Ofir.Hakim@biu.ac.il

Genome Research
|December 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

During T cell differentiation, genome organization shifts from promiscuous to selective, guided by STAT transcription factors. This precise genome architecture is crucial for effector lymphocyte function.

More Related Videos

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

Visualizing the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons at the B-cell Immune Synapse Using Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy
11:00

Visualizing the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons at the B-cell Immune Synapse Using Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy

Published on: April 9, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist
07:48

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Published on: April 25, 2018

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

Visualizing the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons at the B-cell Immune Synapse Using Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy
11:00

Visualizing the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons at the B-cell Immune Synapse Using Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy

Published on: April 9, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Higher-order genome organization exhibits tissue-specific patterns, but its functional relevance and regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Understanding genome architecture is key to deciphering cellular differentiation and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic changes in genome organization during T cell differentiation.
  • To elucidate the role of STAT transcription factors in shaping genome architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of genome-wide contacts in differentiating T helper (Th) cells.
  • Investigated STAT transcription factor binding sites and their role in genomic interactions.
  • Utilized STAT knock-out mouse models to assess the necessity of STAT binding.

Main Results:

  • Differentiation into T helper lineages induces a shift towards selective genome organization at cytokine loci.
  • Genomic contacts are enriched at functionally relevant genes and specifically strengthened at STAT transcription factor binding sites.
  • STAT transcription factor binding is essential for establishing lineage-specific genome architecture and shedding naive cell contacts.

Conclusions:

  • Differentiation-promoting transcription factors like STAT directly specify higher-order nuclear architecture.
  • This STAT-mediated genome organization creates specialized subnuclear environments vital for mature effector lymphocyte function.