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Related Concept Videos

Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...
Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Chromatin Spread Preparations for the Analysis of Mouse Oocyte Progression from Prophase to Metaphase II
10:39

Chromatin Spread Preparations for the Analysis of Mouse Oocyte Progression from Prophase to Metaphase II

Published on: February 26, 2018

Chromatin remodelling initiation during human spermiogenesis.

Marieke De Vries1, Liliana Ramos, Zjwan Housein

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre , P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen , Netherlands.

Biology Open
|December 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spermiogenesis involves chromatin remodeling and acrosome development. A specific nuclear structure forms, showing histone loss and protamine presence, indicating these processes are interconnected.

Keywords:
Chromatin remodellingHumanSpermiogenesis

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Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye
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Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye

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A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
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A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Chromatin Spread Preparations for the Analysis of Mouse Oocyte Progression from Prophase to Metaphase II
10:39

Chromatin Spread Preparations for the Analysis of Mouse Oocyte Progression from Prophase to Metaphase II

Published on: February 26, 2018

Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye
08:21

Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye

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A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
09:40

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

Published on: February 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Spermatogenesis Research
  • Chromatin Dynamics

Background:

  • Spermiogenesis reduces cell volume via cytoplasmic reduction and chromatin remodeling.
  • DNA transitions from nucleosome-based to protamine-based packing.
  • Key structures like the acrosome and perinuclear theca (PNT) form during this stage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the onset and coordination of chromatin remodeling with acrosome and PNT development.
  • To identify molecular markers and spatial-temporal dynamics of early chromatin changes in human spermatids.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of spread human round spermatid nuclei.
  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to detect histones, histone modifications (H4K8ac, H4K16ac, H3K9me2), transition protein 2, and protamine 1.
  • DAPI staining to visualize DNA and nuclear structures.

Main Results:

  • A DAPI-intense, doughnut-like structure emerges, co-localizing with the acrosomal sac and sub-acrosomal PNT.
  • This structure shows initial nucleosome and histone reduction, marked by specific histone modifications.
  • During acrosome capping, this domain expands, exhibiting nucleosome loss and the appearance of transition protein 2 and protamine 1.

Conclusions:

  • Acrosome development and chromatin remodeling are coordinated, interacting processes during spermiogenesis.
  • The observed doughnut structure serves as an early marker for chromatin remodeling.
  • Potential signaling pathways involving the nuclear envelope and LINC complex may trigger these events.