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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

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When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
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Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

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Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
11:12

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Published on: July 16, 2014

Motor cortex stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Marisa De Rose1, Giusy Guzzi, Domenico Bosco

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Germaneto, Campus "Salvatore Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.

Neurology Research International
|December 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Motor Cortex Stimulation (MCS) offers moderate benefits for Parkinson's disease patients unresponsive to Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). MCS showed improvements in axial symptoms, reduced medication needs, and enhanced quality of life.

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Published on: February 23, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a primary treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but not all patients are candidates or respond adequately.
  • Motor Cortex Stimulation (MCS) presents a potential alternative for select PD patients.
  • Evaluating MCS efficacy and safety is crucial for expanding treatment options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of unilateral Motor Cortex Stimulation (MCS) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.
  • To evaluate the impact of MCS on motor and non-motor symptoms, medication dosage, and quality of life.
  • To determine MCS as a viable option for patients excluded from or unresponsive to DBS.

Main Methods:

  • Ten patients with advanced PD received unilateral MCS targeting the motor cortex epidural space.
  • Clinical assessments included UPDRS (total, III, IV, II), PDQoL-39, and LEDD at baseline and up to 36 months post-implantation.
  • Assessments were conducted in both off-medication and on-medication states, with stimulation in the off-medication state.

Main Results:

  • Moderate, transient reductions in total UPDRS and UPDRS III scores were observed.
  • Significant, long-lasting improvement in UPDRS III items 27-31 (axial symptoms) was noted.
  • Marked reduction in UPDRS IV scores, LEDD, and significant improvement in PDQoL-39 were achieved.
  • No major complications or adverse events were reported during the study period.

Conclusions:

  • Unilateral Motor Cortex Stimulation (MCS) provides significant and sustained improvement in axial symptoms and quality of life for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.
  • MCS demonstrates a favorable safety profile, making it a potential therapeutic option for PD patients unsuitable for DBS.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize MCS parameters and patient selection for broader clinical application.