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Related Concept Videos

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects its...
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the lytic replication...
DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...

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Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
09:40

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Published on: June 11, 2015

What Can Phages Tell Us about Host-Pathogen Coevolution?

John J Dennehy1

  • 1Biology Department, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, NY 11367, USA ; The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.

International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
|December 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laboratory phage-bacteria studies reveal host-parasite coevolution dynamics, showing increased parasite virulence and specialization. These findings, often following Gene for Gene or Red Queen models, offer insights into wild organismal diversity.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
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T4 Bacteriophage and E. coli Interaction in the Murine Intestine: A Prototypical Model for Studying Host-Bacteriophage Dynamics In Vivo
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Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics
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Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics

Published on: January 5, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Host-parasite interactions are complex, influenced by numerous environmental and biological factors, making coevolution difficult to study in natural settings.
  • Controlled laboratory experiments using simplified systems can overcome these challenges.
  • Bacteriophage-bacteria microcosms provide a tractable model for investigating coevolutionary processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the fundamental correlates of host-parasite coevolution using experimental data.
  • To explore the implications of phage-bacteria coevolution studies for understanding broader host-parasite dynamics.
  • To confirm and characterize coevolutionary dynamics in a controlled laboratory environment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing simple laboratory phage-bacteria microcosms for controlled, replicated experiments.
  • Collecting genetic, population, and life history data from experimental systems.
  • Analyzing experimental results to identify patterns of coevolution.

Main Results:

  • Experimental studies confirmed phage-host coevolutionary dynamics in the laboratory.
  • Coevolution was shown to increase parasite virulence, specialization, adaptation, and diversity.
  • Genetic patterns often align with the Gene for Gene model (arms race dynamics), with some cases exhibiting Red Queen dynamics (Matching Alleles model).

Conclusions:

  • Laboratory studies with phage-bacteria systems offer valuable insights into host-parasite coevolution.
  • Findings on increased virulence, specialization, and genetic models are broadly generalizable to antagonistic coevolution.
  • These controlled experiments enhance our understanding of the complex interactions driving organismal diversity.