[Pollution characteristics and accumulation of antibiotics in typical protected vegetable soils]

The occurrence and distribution of 14 selected antibiotics in soils from 20 protected vegetable fields in Shandong province were investigated by ultrasonic extraction and UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that antibiotics were detected in all the soil samples, the dominant antibiotics were tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline with 100% detection rate, the concentration of which in soil ranged from 2.11-139.16, 6.06-332.02, 1.82-391.31, 2.20-248.56 microg x kg(-1), respectively. The total concentration of four compounds sigma (TCs) ranged from 26.79-1010.11 microg x kg(-1), with an average of 274 microg x kg(-1). All the sulfonamides (SAs), quinolones (QNs) and macrolides antibiotics (MACs) were also detected, except for chloramphenicoles. The total concentration of QNs [sigma (QNs)] in soils ranged from 0-1017.06 microg x kg(-1) and the average concentration was 73.05 microg x kg(-1) with detection rate of 85%, and the individual concentrations of SAs and MACs were quite low in soils. The results also showed that the distibution and concentration of antibiotics in soils grown different vegetables were quite different. Notably, the individual concentrations of QNs (NFC, OFC) were 373.73 microg x kg(-1) and 643.34 microg x kg(-1), respectively, which far exceeded the trigger value of the ecological risk (100 microg x kg(-1)). Thus, more attention should be paid to antibiotics pollution in protected vegetable soils.