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Drag

Drag

Drag is a resistive force opposing an object’s motion through a fluid, resulting from surface pressure and shear forces. It comprises two components: a perpendicular one from pressure and a tangential one from shear stress. Accurate drag calculations use pressure and wall shear stress distributions, often determined through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) or wind tunnel testing. The drag coefficient, a dimensionless measure, depends on factors like shape, Reynolds number, Mach number, Froude...

Correlation of Experimental Data

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Dimensional analysis simplifies complex physical problems and guides experimental investigations, but it does not provide complete solutions. It identifies the dimensionless groups that influence a phenomenon, but experimental data is needed to establish the specific relationships and validate theoretical predictions.
For example, a spherical particle moving through a viscous fluid experiences drag. Dimensional analysis shows that the drag force depends on the particle's diameter, velocity, and...

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An interesting force in everyday life is the force of drag on an object when it is moving in a fluid. Like friction, the drag force always opposes the motion of an object. Unlike simple friction, the drag force is proportional to some function of the velocity of the object in that fluid. This functionality is complicated and depends upon the shape of the object, its size, its velocity, and the fluid it is in. For most large objects, such as cyclists, cars, and baseballs, that are not moving too...

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Maximum drag reduction simulation using rodlike polymers.

J J J Gillissen¹

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, the Netherlands.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|December 11, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Simulations of maximum drag reduction (MDR) in channel flow show higher turbulent kinetic energy than experiments, likely due to ignoring polymer interactions. However, simulations still capture key MDR features, independent of polymer concentration.

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Area of Science:

Fluid Dynamics
Polymer Physics

Background:

Maximum drag reduction (MDR) is crucial for energy efficiency in fluid systems.
Understanding polymer dynamics in turbulent flow is complex.
Current simulations often simplify polymer interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare simulation results of MDR in channel flow with experimental data.
To investigate the impact of polymer interactions on turbulent kinetic energy.
To identify universal features of MDR independent of polymer concentration.

Main Methods:

Utilizing constitutive equations for suspensions of noninteracting rods in channel flow simulations.
Comparing simulation predictions of turbulent kinetic energy with experimental data from rodlike polymers.
Analyzing mean flow profiles and shear stress budgets.

Main Results:

Simulations predict significantly higher turbulent kinetic energy than experiments.
Discrepancies are attributed to the neglect of polymer-polymer interactions in simulations.
Essential features of MDR, including universal mean flow profiles and shear stress budgets, are correctly reproduced.

Conclusions:

Simulations provide valuable insights into MDR phenomena despite simplifications.
Polymer interactions play a significant role in turbulent kinetic energy levels.
The universality of MDR flow profiles and shear stress budgets is confirmed.