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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...

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Protein Crystallization for X-ray Crystallography
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Droplet hydrodynamics during lysozyme protein crystallization.

T Pradhan1, M Asfer, P K Panigrahi

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied fluid dynamics during protein crystallization. They observed Marangoni convection in early stages and buoyancy-driven convection later, impacting crystal quality.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Protein crystal quality is crucial for research, often affected by convective transport.
  • Zero-gravity studies exist, but detailed characterization of transport phenomena during protein crystallization is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate convective motion within droplets during protein crystallization using the vapor diffusion method.
  • To characterize the hydrodynamics throughout the entire protein crystal growth process.

Main Methods:

  • Lysozyme crystals were grown using the sitting drop method.
  • Micro-particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) was employed to analyze fluid flow inside the droplet.
  • Flow fields were studied during prenucleation, nucleation, and postnucleation stages.

Main Results:

  • Detailed hydrodynamics and flow transitions were observed during the complete crystal growth cycle.
  • Significant Marangoni convection dominated the prenucleation stage, consistent with evaporating droplets.
  • Buoyancy-driven convection became prominent during the postnucleation stage, similar to ethanol-water mixture evaporation.

Conclusions:

  • Convective transport phenomena, including Marangoni and buoyancy-driven flows, dynamically evolve during protein crystallization.
  • Understanding these hydrodynamics is key to optimizing protein crystal growth for superior quality.