Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes loosely...
Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination01:23

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination

The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Feasibility and acceptability of a guided internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention (MobACT) for adults with chronic pain in Italy: A pilot mixed-methods randomized controlled trial.

Internet interventions·2026
Same author

Structural Brain Network Alterations in Relation to Treatment and Illness Severity in Bipolar Disorder.

Biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

Identifying diagnostic biomarkers in functional motor disorders through multimodal behavioral, neurophysiological, and imaging assessment using explainable machine learning.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Real-world effectiveness and safety of ofatumumab in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study integrating clinical, cognitive, and MRI outcomes.

Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders·2026
Same author

Structural Brain Network Alterations in Relation to Treatment and Illness Severity in Bipolar Disorder.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The role of the patient-clinician relationship in Chronic Pain Interventions: A systematic review.

Journal of psychosomatic research·2026
Same journal

Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for postpartum depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Psychiatry research·2026
Same journal

Measurements of suicidal ideation in ecological momentary assessment based on smartphone: a systematic review.

Psychiatry research·2026
Same journal

Effect of Australian telepsychiatry services on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder prescriptions.

Psychiatry research·2026
Same journal

Cognitive correlates of Antisaccade Task performance in bipolar disorder.

Psychiatry research·2026
Same journal

National estimates of exposure to potentially traumatic events among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Findings from The National OCD Survey.

Psychiatry research·2026
Same journal

Digitally delivered cognitive bias modification for interpretation targeting hostile interpretation bias in compulsory drug rehabilitation: A feasibility randomized trial.

Psychiatry research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

Enlarged hypothalamic volumes in schizophrenia.

Stefania Tognin1, Gianluca Rambaldelli, Cinzia Perlini

  • 1Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.

Psychiatry Research
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia patients show larger hypothalamus and mammillary body volumes compared to controls. Mammillary body size correlated with negative symptoms and anxiety, suggesting structural brain changes in schizophrenia.

More Related Videos

Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra
05:14

Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra

Published on: September 8, 2021

Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
08:04

Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 19, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra
05:14

Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra

Published on: September 8, 2021

Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
08:04

Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Hypothalamic dysfunction is implicated in schizophrenia, affecting endocrine and stress responses via pathways like the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
  • Structural alterations in the hypothalamus in schizophrenia remain debated, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the volumes of the hypothalamus and mammillary bodies in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls.
  • To explore correlations between these brain region volumes and clinical symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detailed brain scans.
  • Manually traced hypothalamus and mammillary body volumes by a blinded rater.
  • Employed the General Linear Model for statistical group comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Patients with schizophrenia exhibited significantly larger hypothalamus and mammillary body volumes compared to healthy controls.
  • Enlargement was particularly noted in the left hypothalamus, with trends for increased right hypothalamus and right mammillary body volumes.
  • Mammillary body volumes showed an inverse correlation with negative symptoms and a direct correlation with anxiety levels.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals abnormally increased volumes of the hypothalamus and mammillary bodies in schizophrenia.
  • Mammillary body volumes are associated with negative symptoms and anxiety, highlighting their potential role in schizophrenia symptomatology.
  • Further longitudinal research is needed to elucidate the role of these structures in modulating the HPA axis in schizophrenia.