Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
GPCR Desensitization01:12

GPCR Desensitization

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of cells.
Two...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PLCG2 Exon-Skipped Variants: Insights into Their Potential Role in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Blood advances·2026
Same author

Rare Antagonistic Leptin Variants and Severe, Early-Onset Obesity.

The New England journal of medicine·2023
Same author

Acquired BTK mutations associated with resistance to noncovalent BTK inhibitors.

Blood advances·2023
Same author

Compound heterozygous variants in OTULIN are associated with fulminant atypical late-onset ORAS.

EMBO molecular medicine·2022
Same author

Evaluation of vecabrutinib as a model for noncovalent BTK/ITK inhibition for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Blood·2021
Same author

Noncatalytic Bruton's tyrosine kinase activates PLCγ<sub>2</sub> variants mediating ibrutinib resistance in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Visualization of Replisome Encounters with an Antigen Tagged Blocking Lesion
08:24

Visualization of Replisome Encounters with an Antigen Tagged Blocking Lesion

Published on: July 27, 2021

Activated PLCγ breaking loose.

Peter Gierschik1, Anja Buehler, Claudia Walliser

  • 1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany. peter.gierschik@uni-ulm.de

Structure (London, England : 1993)
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation activates phospholipase C-gamma(1) through a receptor-mediated process. This study details the molecular events involved in this crucial cell signaling pathway.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase C-gamma(1) is critical for cellular signaling.
  • Protein tyrosine phosphorylation plays a key role in regulating this activation process.

Discussion:

  • This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying PLCγ1 activation by protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
  • Bunney and colleagues employed a multidisciplinary approach including NMR, SAXS, crystallography, ITC, and biochemical assays.
  • The research elucidates the precise sequence of events leading to PLCγ1 activation.

Key Insights:

  • Detailed molecular understanding of PLCγ1 activation sequence.
  • Identification of key structural and functional changes upon phosphorylation.

More Related Videos

Imaging the Intracellular Trafficking of APP with Photoactivatable GFP
07:55

Imaging the Intracellular Trafficking of APP with Photoactivatable GFP

Published on: October 17, 2015

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue
06:45

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

Published on: January 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Visualization of Replisome Encounters with an Antigen Tagged Blocking Lesion
08:24

Visualization of Replisome Encounters with an Antigen Tagged Blocking Lesion

Published on: July 27, 2021

Imaging the Intracellular Trafficking of APP with Photoactivatable GFP
07:55

Imaging the Intracellular Trafficking of APP with Photoactivatable GFP

Published on: October 17, 2015

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue
06:45

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

Published on: January 19, 2019

  • Integration of data from diverse biophysical and biochemical methods.

    • Outlook:

    • Further insights into PLCγ1 regulation could reveal new therapeutic targets.
    • Understanding these signaling cascades is vital for deciphering complex cellular processes.
    • Potential for novel drug development targeting aberrant cell signaling.