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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus and Cartilage Scratch Murine Model of Accelerated Osteoarthritis
07:06

Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus and Cartilage Scratch Murine Model of Accelerated Osteoarthritis

Published on: July 6, 2022

Unilateral meniscomeniscal ligament.

Charles M Chan1, John P Goldblatt

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Sports Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.

Orthopedics
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two new unilateral meniscomeniscal ligament variants were identified. These rare anatomical variations can impact meniscal stability and require accurate interpretation to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary knee surgery.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus and Cartilage Scratch Murine Model of Accelerated Osteoarthritis
07:06

Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus and Cartilage Scratch Murine Model of Accelerated Osteoarthritis

Published on: July 6, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Four normal variants of meniscomeniscal ligaments are documented in anatomical, arthroscopic, and radiological literature.
  • Anterior and posterior transverse meniscal ligaments are common (58% and 1-4% frequency).
  • Medial and lateral oblique meniscomeniscal ligaments are less common (1-4% combined frequency).

Observation:

  • This study reports two patients with previously undescribed unilateral meniscomeniscal ligaments visualized via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • One patient presented with a unilateral lateral meniscomeniscal ligament, managed conservatively.
  • The second patient had a unilateral medial meniscomeniscal ligament with a concurrent medial meniscus tear, treated with arthroscopic intervention.

Findings:

  • Two novel unilateral meniscomeniscal ligament variants are described, expanding the known spectrum of intermeniscal ligament anatomy.
  • Both patients experienced symptom resolution following their respective management strategies.
  • The newly identified variants' functions are not fully understood but are hypothesized to contribute to meniscal stability.

Implications:

  • Accurate identification of these rare variants is crucial for correct diagnosis and management, preventing misinterpretation as pathologies like a double posterior cruciate ligament sign.
  • Understanding these anatomical variations can help avoid unnecessary surgical interventions, thereby reducing the risk of iatrogenic meniscus injury.
  • This research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of knee joint anatomy and potential sources of knee pain.