Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors

Protein-drug binding, a pivotal aspect of pharmacokinetics, is subject to considerable variability influenced by an array of patient-related factors. The intricate interplay of age, individual differences, and pathological conditions significantly impact the binding dynamics and subsequent pharmacological effects.
Age stands as a key determinant in protein-drug binding. Neonates, characterized by low albumin content, experience heightened concentrations of unbound drugs such as phenytoin and...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Targeted screening program for placenta accreta spectrum disorders in a Brazilian tertiary center: from unexpected cases to antenatal diagnosis.

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·2025

Same author

High out-of-season fertility in progesterone-treated goats joined with sexually active bucks and artificially inseminated with fresh diluted semen.

Theriogenology·2025

Same author

Clinical application of intraoperative ultrasound for management of placenta accreta spectrum disorder: prospective study.

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·2024

Same author

Group or individual housing does not reduce socio-sexual and reproductive responses in anestrous goats during the first contact with the photo-stimulated buck.

Domestic animal endocrinology·2022

Same author

Preparedness in a public health emergency: determinants of willingness and readiness to respond in the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Public health·2022

Same author

Genital mycoplasma infection and spontaneous preterm birth outcome: a prospective cohort study.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Published on: January 26, 2024

Haptoglobin polymorphism affects nitric oxide bioavailability in preeclampsia.

J T Sertório¹, R Lacchini, L M Amaral

¹Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.

Journal of Human Hypertension

|December 11, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Haptoglobin (Hp) genotypes influence nitric oxide (NO) levels in preeclampsia (PE). Hp1-1 may protect against PE by reducing NO scavenging, while Hp2-1 and Hp2-2 may worsen NO bioavailability in PE patients.

More Related Videos

Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption

Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption

Published on: July 30, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Published on: January 26, 2024

Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption

Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption

Published on: July 30, 2016

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Biochemistry
Pharmacology

Background:

Elevated cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) in preeclampsia (PE) reduces nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability.
Haptoglobin (Hp) binds Hb, preventing oxidative stress and NO scavenging.
Hp phenotypes (Hp1-1, Hp2-1, Hp2-2) have differing Hb-Hp complex clearance rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hypothesis that Hp phenotypes modulate NO bioavailability by influencing NO consumption in PE.
To determine if Hp genotypes affect NO bioavailability in normal pregnancy (NP) and PE.

Main Methods:

Genotyping of 92 PE subjects and 105 NP women using real-time PCR.
Measurement of plasma nitrite (NO bioavailability) via ozone-based chemiluminescence.
Assessment of plasma Hb, Hp, and NO consumption using immunoassays and a dedicated assay.

Main Results:

No significant differences in Hp genotype frequencies between PE and NP groups.
In PE, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2 genotypes were associated with higher plasma heme, increased NO consumption, and lower plasma nitrite compared to Hp1-1.
Hp genotypes did not affect plasma heme, NO consumption, or plasma nitrite in NP.

Conclusions:

Hp genotype does not influence PE risk.
The Hp1-1 genotype may offer a protective role in PE by mitigating NO scavenging.
Hp2-1 and Hp2-2 genotypes may exacerbate PE by reducing NO bioavailability.