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Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments

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Crystal engineering of topochemical solid state reactions.

Kumar Biradha¹, Ramkinkar Santra

¹Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India. kbiradha@chem.iitkgp.ernet.in

Chemical Society Reviews

|December 11, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Solid-state reactions enable precise synthesis of complex molecules. Crystal engineering strategies utilize various intermolecular interactions to control molecular proximity and reactivity in the solid state.

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Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Crystal Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Solid-state reactions offer unique synthetic pathways for complex molecules.
The solid-state [2 + 2] reaction is a key area within crystal engineering.
Achieving desired regio- and stereo-specificity in synthesis is often challenging with conventional methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current strategies in crystal engineering for facilitating solid-state reactions.
To outline the role of intermolecular interactions in controlling molecular orientation and proximity.
To discuss the application of these strategies in various solid-state transformations.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on solid-state reactions and crystal engineering.
Analysis of intermolecular interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, π-π stacking) used to control molecular arrangement.
Categorization of strategies based on interaction type and application in reactions like [2 + 2] cycloadditions and polymerizations.

Main Results:

Crystal engineering provides effective strategies to achieve reactive molecular orientations in the solid state.
A diverse range of non-covalent and coordination interactions can be employed to assemble reactive molecules.
These strategies are applicable to various reactions including [2 + 2] and [4 + 4] cycloadditions, Diels-Alder reactions, and acetylene polymerization.

Conclusions:

Solid-state reactions, guided by crystal engineering principles, are powerful tools for precise molecular synthesis.
The choice and design of intermolecular interactions are critical for successful solid-state transformations.
Further exploration of crystal engineering strategies will continue to expand the scope of solid-state synthesis.