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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...

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Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
09:45

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke

Published on: March 22, 2016

Alzheimer's disease.

Vanessa J De-Paula1, Marcia Radanovic, Breno S Diniz

  • 1Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 785, Terceiro Andar-Ala Norte, 05403-010, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, vanessaj@usp.br.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation, leading to neurodegeneration. Early diagnosis using biomarkers and neuroimaging aids timely intervention for potential disease modification.

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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
  • These hallmarks are linked to amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation.
  • The amyloid hypothesis posits that disrupted APP processing leads to Aβ overproduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of Aβ peptide in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
  • To describe the stages of AD, from pre-symptomatic to dementia.
  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis through biomarkers and neuroimaging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pathophysiological mechanisms of AD.
  • Analysis of Aβ peptide generation and aggregation.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches including neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

Main Results:

  • Aβ(1-42) plays a key role in AD pathogenesis due to its aggregation properties.
  • Intracerebral amyloidosis is age-dependent but can occur early in life.
  • Early AD stages (pre-symptomatic, pre-dementia) can be identified using biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of AD through biomarkers and neuroimaging is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Therapies targeting amyloid cascades offer promise for preventing or slowing dementia progression.
  • Translating basic science findings into clinical practice is essential for future AD management.