One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ
Drug Product Performance: In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation
You might also read
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Updated: May 16, 2026

Standardized Measurement of Nasal Membrane Transepithelial Potential Difference (NPD)
Published on: September 13, 2018
Hefei Zhang1, Chih-Wei Lin, Maureen D Donovan
1Oncology Clinical Pharmacology, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 180 Park Avenue, Florham Park, New Jersey 07932, USA.
In vitro nasal permeability (Papp) strongly correlates with in vivo nasal absorption rates (ka) for drug candidates. This finding suggests nasal drug absorption can be predicted using simple in vitro tests.
Area of Science:
Background:
Purpose of the Study:
Main Methods:
Main Results:
Conclusions: