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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

Thyroid function tests in metabolic syndrome.

Kiran Chugh1, Sandeep Goyal, Vijay Shankar

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B. D. Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with metabolic syndrome show elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, suggesting thyroid receptor resistance may be a component of metabolic syndrome, not hypothyroidism.

Keywords:
Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistanceinsulin resistancemetabolic syndromethyroid function teststhyroid receptor resistance

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Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
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Pulse-Wave Velocity, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Syndrome
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Pulse-Wave Velocity, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Syndrome

Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Thyroid Function

Background:

  • Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions increasing risk for heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
  • Thyroid dysfunction is common, but its relationship with metabolic syndrome requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate thyroid function tests in individuals with metabolic syndrome.
  • To explore the potential for thyroid receptor resistance in metabolic syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study comparing 40 metabolic syndrome patients with 20 healthy controls.
  • Assessed insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA IR).
  • Measured thyroid function indicators: triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and TSH levels.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were significantly higher in patients with metabolic syndrome compared to controls.
  • Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were comparable between the groups.
  • Patients with metabolic syndrome exhibited insulin resistance as defined by HOMA IR.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated TSH in metabolic syndrome patients, independent of T3 and T4 levels, suggests thyroid receptor resistance.
  • This finding indicates that thyroid receptor resistance may be an integral part of metabolic syndrome.