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Plant Cell Wall02:43

Plant Cell Wall

The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
Plant Cell Wall01:07

Plant Cell Wall

Plant cells have a cell wall, a rigid outer covering that protects the cell and provides shape and support. During cell division, a mixture of enzymes, proteins, and glucose molecules is transported via vesicles to the center of the cell. These vesicles continuously fuse and build a cell plate between the dividing cells. As the cell plate matures, new polysaccharides are added to it to form the cell walls of the daughter cells. The predominant polysaccharide in the cell wall is cellulose, made...
Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the parenchyma cells of...
The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of disassembly and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

3-D Time-Lapse Imaging of Cell Wall Dynamics Using Calcofluor in the Moss Physcomitrium patens
05:14

3-D Time-Lapse Imaging of Cell Wall Dynamics Using Calcofluor in the Moss Physcomitrium patens

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Cell wall composition throughout development for the model grass Brachypodium distachyon.

David M Rancour1, Jane M Marita, Ronald D Hatfield

  • 1Cell Wall Biology and Utilization Unit, U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Madison, WI, USA.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Brachypodium distachyon cell walls share chemical similarities with forage grasses, making it a valuable model for improving livestock feed and biofuel production. Its composition aids genetic studies for enhanced energy conversion.

Keywords:
Brachypodium distachyonbiomasschemical compositiongrassplant cell wall

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Experimental Screening Protocols, Immunocytochemistry and Microscopy-based Imaging Techniques for Penium margaritaceum
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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biomass Research
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Temperate grasses are vital for livestock nutrition and lignocellulosic biofuel production.
  • Brachypodium distachyon serves as a model for temperate forage grasses due to its phylogenetic relevance.
  • Understanding cell wall composition is key to optimizing biomass utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the organ-specific cell wall chemical composition of Brachypodium distachyon throughout development.
  • To compare Brachypodium distachyon's cell wall chemistry with agriculturally important grasses.
  • To validate Brachypodium distachyon as a model for genetic studies impacting biomass traits.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical analysis of cell walls from leaves, sheaths, stems, and roots.
  • Analysis across three developmental stages: seedling, transition, and mature seed fill.
  • Inclusion of cell wall analysis from embryonic callus for genetic transformation studies.

Main Results:

  • Brachypodium distachyon cell wall composition (lignin, hydroxycinnamates, sugars, protein) aligns with agriculturally important forage grasses.
  • Modest differences in hydroxycinnamate profiles were observed between Bd21-3 and Bd21 accessions.
  • Mature Brachypodium stems showed a 48% increase in glucose and a 36% decrease in lignin compared to other C3 grasses.

Conclusions:

  • Brachypodium distachyon exhibits chemical characteristics similar to key forage grasses, supporting its role as a model organism.
  • Despite some compositional variations, Brachypodium distachyon is suitable for genetic research aimed at improving cell wall properties.
  • This research facilitates genetic manipulation for enhanced rumen digestibility and bioenergy conversion efficiency.