[Variations of vital signs and peripheral oxygen saturation in critically ill preterm newborn, after sponge bathing]

To determine the variability of the vital signs (temperature, heart rate and respiratory frequency), skin coloration and peripheral oxygen saturation in critically ill preterm newborns (CI PTNB) before, during and after sponge bathing as well as to determine the possible presence of secondary complications of this procedure.

We performed a quasi-experimental study (experimental, prospective, comparative and clinical study with intervention) May to December 2008, in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. We included CI PTNB of 0 to 28 days of extrauterine life who have practiced in the routine sponge bathing. Area of significance was considered when p < 0.05.

During or after the events in any of the patients presented any complications after 12 h of monitoring, but it was necessary to increase the inspired fraction of oxygen and temperature in the incubator or radiant heat cradle temporarily.

We conclude that the sponge bath is not safe for a CI PTNB and this should be performed in the shortest time possible, and the medical must be very alert to the possibility that patients require more support than they had prior to sponge bathing, mainly in the temperature of the incubator or radiant heat cradle and inspired fraction of oxygen for the required time according to the evolution of these variables.