Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Temporal Stem Anatomy: A Photorealistic Surface Scanning, Anatomical and 3D Tractography Study.

Journal of neurological surgery. Part A, Central European neurosurgery·2026

Same author

Three-Dimensional Photorealistic and Virtual Reality Study of the Supratentorial Ventricular System in Relation to Superficial Cranial and Cerebral Landmarks.

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)·2026

Same author

No surgery, but headache exists? Quality of life with vestibular schwannoma.

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·2026

Same author

RECOAT study - Retrospective evaluation of surface-modified and coated flow diverters for the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Neuroradiology·2026

Same author

Volumetric Infarct Size Predicts Secondary Haemorrhagic Transformation of Ischaemic Stroke.

Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Safety, Technical and Clinical Success of the Aperio Hybrid Thrombectomy Device in Acute Ischemic Stroke, a Prospective Post-market Clinical Follow-up Study (HYBRID).

Clinical neuroradiology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: November 21, 2013

Cerebral perfusion changes in chronic subdural hematoma.

Philipp Jörg Slotty¹, Marcel Alexander Kamp, Steiger Hans-Jakob Steiger

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany. slotty@med.uni-duesseldorf.de

Journal of Neurotrauma

|December 12, 2012

Summary

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) in elderly patients may cause neurological symptoms due to impaired brain perfusion. This study found intact cerebral autoregulation in cSDH, with upregulated blood flow and volume below the hematoma, suggesting borderline perfusion causes deficits.

More Related Videos

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies

Published on: November 19, 2020

Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound

Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound

Published on: June 3, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: November 21, 2013

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies

Published on: November 19, 2020

Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound

Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound

Published on: June 3, 2021

Area of Science:

Neurology
Neurosurgery
Radiology

Background:

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is common in the elderly, but the cause of its clinical symptoms remains unclear.
Perfusion deficits are suspected to cause transient neurological symptoms in cSDH patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify cerebral perfusion impairment in patients with chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH).
To correlate clinical and radiological data in cSDH patients.

Main Methods:

Neurological examination using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in 34 patients before surgery.
CT perfusion imaging to assess cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), and Tmax.
Recording of hematoma volume, localization, and configuration.

Main Results:

Mean hematoma volume was 91.8 cm³ (SD 49.5).
Whole brain mean transit time (MTT) was slightly elevated (mean 36.6 sec, SD 5.8).
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) were significantly upregulated in the area below the hematoma (ABH) compared to the contralateral cortex (MAC) (p<0.01).
MTT and Tmax showed no significant difference between the ABH and MAC.

Conclusions:

Cerebral autoregulation is active and intact in the cortical area below cSDH.
Upregulated CBF and CBV in the ABH indicate autoregulation in tissue at risk of ischemia.
Neurological deficits in cSDH are likely caused by borderline brain perfusion.