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Related Concept Videos

Effects of Chemicals: Overview01:27

Effects of Chemicals: Overview

Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods
05:34

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Published on: June 6, 2025

Data disclosure for chemical evaluations.

Randall Lutter1, Craig Barrow, Christopher J Borgert

  • 1Independent Consultant, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. rwlutter@gmail.com

Environmental Health Perspectives
|December 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Public disclosure of scientific data used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) enhances confidence in chemical regulations. The EPA should provide raw data and methods for independent reanalysis to ensure transparency and reliability.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Regulation
  • Data Transparency

Background:

  • Public trust in government regulatory decisions on chemicals hinges on data transparency.
  • Disclosure of scientific data strengthens the foundation of regulatory science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) current data disclosure practices for chemical and pesticide regulations.
  • To identify opportunities for enhanced data accessibility and transparency in regulatory decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Review of U.S. EPA's existing policies and practices for chemical data disclosure.
  • Analysis of opportunities to promote broader access to scientific data used in regulatory decisions.

Main Results:

  • Current U.S. EPA practices for data disclosure were examined.
  • Opportunities for improving transparency and data accessibility were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The U.S. EPA should provide underlying raw data and methods for scientific research used in regulatory decisions to enable independent reanalysis.
  • Transparency in data and methods, including sensitivity analyses, is crucial for validating regulatory determinations.
  • If full data access is not possible, the U.S. EPA must disclose the extent of its access to ensure accountability.