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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...

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Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
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Published on: December 30, 2025

Facial transplantation: a concise update.

Pedro Infante-Cossio1, Fernando Barrera-Pulido, Tomas Gomez-Cia

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain. pinfante@us.es

Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal
|December 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Facial transplantation is a feasible reconstructive option for severe facial disfigurement, offering functional, aesthetic, and social rehabilitation. While successful, it remains experimental with ongoing challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Reconstructive surgery
  • Transplantation immunology
  • Medical ethics

Background:

  • Facial transplantation is a complex procedure for patients with severe facial disfigurement.
  • Previous conventional reconstructive surgeries often fail, necessitating advanced options.
  • Ethical considerations and immunological challenges are paramount in facial allotransplantation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical outcomes of early facial transplantation procedures worldwide.
  • To analyze the surgical, immunological, ethical, and follow-up aspects of facial allotransplantation.
  • To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of facial transplantation as a reconstructive solution.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using MEDLINE for articles on "face transplantation" up to March 2012.
  • Analysis included 18 clinical cases from 9 transplant teams across 4 countries.
  • Data focused on surgical indications, procedures, allograft viability, and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Eighteen patients underwent either partial (13) or full (5) face transplantation, with gunshot injuries being a common indication.
  • All allografts were successfully grafted and remained viable, with no major postoperative surgical complications.
  • The longest follow-up was 5 years; two patients died within 27 months post-transplant.

Conclusions:

  • Facial transplantation is a clinically feasible and valuable reconstructive option for severe facial disfigurement.
  • The procedure has demonstrated success in achieving functional, aesthetic, and social rehabilitation.
  • Despite positive outcomes, facial transplantation is still considered experimental, with several unresolved issues requiring further investigation.