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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
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Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
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Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
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Making pharmacogenetic testing a reality in a community pharmacy.

Shanna K O'Connor1, Stefanie P Ferreri, Natasha M Michaels

  • 1Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : Japha
|December 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Community pharmacies can offer pharmacogenetic testing by overcoming implementation barriers. Proper planning and practice partnerships are key to successfully integrating pharmacogenetics services.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacogenetics
  • Community Pharmacy Practice
  • Healthcare Services

Background:

  • Community pharmacies offer diverse patient services, including medication therapy management and point-of-care testing.
  • The study site is a regional chain community pharmacy that also serves as a training center for pharmacy residents and students.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To inform community pharmacies about implementing pharmacogenetic testing services.
  • To share experiences and solutions for overcoming barriers encountered during the initiation of pharmacogenetics services in a community pharmacy setting.

Main Methods:

  • A pharmacogenetics testing service was implemented in a single community pharmacy within a regional chain.
  • The feasibility of offering pharmacogenetic testing was assessed as the primary outcome measure.

Main Results:

  • Internal and external barriers were identified during the implementation of the pharmacogenetics service.
  • The study details the experiences of the investigation team and provides solutions to address these identified barriers.

Conclusions:

  • Community pharmacies can successfully implement pharmacogenetic testing services.
  • Identifying practice partners and thorough planning are crucial for overcoming implementation barriers.