Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...

Diphtheria

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

AEG-AESPANC-OPGE-SIED-SPG Ibero-Latin American Guidelines on Acute Pancreatitis (iLATAM-AP).

United European gastroenterology journal·2026

Same author

Sustainable Production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Using Eucalyptus Bark: Integration with Green Downstream Processing.

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering·2026

Same author

Nanobubble-enhanced oxygen transfer in bacterial nanocellulose production: Comparative evaluation with static and airlift systems.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026

Same author

Toxic Shock Syndrome Due to Streptococcus pyogenes: A Case Series.

Cureus·2025

Same author

Sociodemographic factors and biologic therapy exposure impacting health-related quality of life in psoriatic arthritis - findings from a nationwide registry Reuma.pt.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Maxillofacial Surgery.

Cureus·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity

Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity

Published on: October 17, 2025

Phenytoin-induced Lyell's syndrome.

Bárbara Lobão¹, Claúdio Martins, Manuel Sousa

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar de Setubal, Setubal, Portugal. babilobao@hotmail.com

BMJ Case Reports

|December 12, 2012

Summary

A rare drug-induced skin reaction, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), can cause severe illness. Promptly discontinuing the causative drug, phenytoin, led to recovery in a patient with this serious dermatological condition.

More Related Videos

Seizure Activity Induced by Electroshock in Drosophila Larvae

Seizure Activity Induced by Electroshock in Drosophila Larvae

Published on: June 6, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity

Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity

Published on: October 17, 2025

Seizure Activity Induced by Electroshock in Drosophila Larvae

Seizure Activity Induced by Electroshock in Drosophila Larvae

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Pharmacovigilance
Internal Medicine

Background:

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), also known as Lyell's syndrome, is a severe, life-threatening mucocutaneous reaction.
It is predominantly triggered by medications, necessitating careful drug monitoring.
Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medication sometimes used for seizure prophylaxis.

Observation:

A 57-year-old female patient presented with a widespread, severe rash following brain surgery and phenytoin treatment.
Erythematous lesions, blisters, and significant skin detachment progressed rapidly, affecting facial, truncal, and generalized skin.
Mucous membrane involvement, particularly oral and conjunctival, was noted, indicative of severe TEN.

Findings:

Diagnosis of TEN was confirmed based on clinical presentation and history of phenytoin use.
Cessation of phenytoin was the primary intervention, alongside supportive care including IV fluids, systemic steroids, and infection control.
The patient demonstrated significant clinical improvement within 10 days, with skin re-epithelialization and stabilization of mucosal complications.

Implications:

This case underscores the critical importance of recognizing drug-induced TEN and the immediate need to withdraw the offending agent.
It highlights the potential for phenytoin to induce severe cutaneous adverse reactions like TEN.
Effective management involving drug withdrawal and supportive care can lead to favorable outcomes in TEN patients.