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Related Concept Videos

Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force per...

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Positron Emission Tomography-based Dose Painting Radiation Therapy in a Glioblastoma Rat Model using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform
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Efficient implementation of the 3D-DDA ray traversal algorithm on GPU and its application in radiation dose

Kai Xiao1, Danny Z Chen, X Sharon Hu

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. kxiao@nd.edu

Medical Physics
|December 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study presents an efficient graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation of the three-dimensional digital differential analyzer (3D-DDA) algorithm. The new method reduces branch divergence, significantly speeding up convolution/superposition (C/S) dose calculations in radiation therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Computational Science

Background:

  • The three-dimensional digital differential analyzer (3D-DDA) algorithm is crucial for convolution/superposition (C/S) dose calculations in radiation therapy.
  • Implementing 3D-DDA on graphics processing units (GPUs) faces challenges due to branch divergence, hindering performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient GPU implementation of the 3D-DDA algorithm.
  • To reduce branch divergence and enhance the performance of C/S dose calculation programs on GPUs.

Main Methods:

  • Converted conditional statements in the 3D-DDA algorithm to GPU-friendly arithmetic, comparison, and logic operations.
  • Integrated the optimized 3D-DDA into a GPU-based collapsed cone convolution/superposition (CCCS) dose calculation program.

Main Results:

  • The optimized CCCS program achieved a 1.42–2.67x speedup compared to the original implementation on an NVIDIA GTX570 GPU.
  • No loss of accuracy was observed in dose calculations using the efficient 3D-DDA method.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed GPU implementation of 3D-DDA effectively minimizes branch divergence.
  • This optimization significantly improves the performance of GPU-based C/S dose calculation programs, with broad applicability.