Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

40.2K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
40.2K
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

51.4K
Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
51.4K
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

9.7K
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
9.7K
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

3.8K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.8K
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

5.0K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
5.0K
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

452
The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
452

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Motor development in infancy and spine shape in early old age: Findings from a British birth cohort study.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·2020
Same author

Age at Onset of Walking in Infancy Is Associated With Hip Shape in Early Old Age.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·2018
Same author

Associations between back pain across adulthood and spine shape in early old age in a British birth cohort.

Scientific reports·2018
Same author

Physical Activity Across Adulthood and Bone Health in Later Life: The 1946 British Birth Cohort.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·2018
Same author

Body mass index and waist circumference in early adulthood are associated with thoracolumbar spine shape at age 60-64: The Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development.

PloS one·2018
Same author

Associations between body mass index across adult life and hip shapes at age 60 to 64: Evidence from the 1946 British birth cohort.

Bone·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population
09:02

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

Published on: January 31, 2025

1.4K

Advances in bone imaging for osteoporosis.

Judith E Adams1

  • 1Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The Royal Infirmary and University of Manchester, Department of Radiology, The Royal Infirmary, Manchester M13 9WL, UK. judith.adams@manchester.ac.uk

Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
|December 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the primary method for diagnosing osteoporosis. New tools like FRAX enhance its clinical use and cost-effectiveness for fracture risk assessment and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Bone densitometry and osteoporosis management.

Background:

  • Osteoporosis diagnosis and management have advanced with new quantitative skeletal assessment methods and therapeutic options.
  • Various imaging techniques exist, each with unique benefits and limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging methods for skeletal assessment in osteoporosis.
  • To discuss the clinical utility and future prospects of different bone imaging technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the established standard for osteoporosis diagnosis.
  • The WHO 10-year fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) integrates clinical data with DXA for improved risk stratification.
  • Quantitative CT and high-resolution imaging (CT/MRI) offer advanced research insights into bone structure.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model
06:59

Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

3.3K
Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population
09:02

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

Published on: January 31, 2025

1.4K
Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model
06:59

Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

3.3K
Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

8.5K

Main Results:

  • DXA remains the most accessible and widely used method for clinical osteoporosis diagnosis.
  • FRAX is expected to enhance the clinical application of DXA and the cost-effectiveness of osteoporosis treatments.
  • Advanced imaging techniques like quantitative CT and high-resolution MRI provide detailed bone microstructure analysis but are not yet clinically widespread.

Conclusions:

  • DXA and FRAX are pivotal for current clinical osteoporosis diagnosis and management.
  • While advanced imaging offers research potential, DXA is likely to remain the primary clinical tool for the foreseeable future.
  • Improved reporting of vertebral fractures and radiographic features can optimize DXA referrals.