Objective-free optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy

Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) becomes a premier microscopic imaging tool in biomedicine because it provides agent-free optical absorption information in tissues. By tightly focusing light to a spot, a significantly improved lateral resolution can be achieved in OR-PAM. The focal spot size is typically determined by the numerical aperture of the used objective lens. Here, we demonstrate objective-free OR-PAM using a fiber optic Bessel beam generator. In this approach, no objective lens is required and, beneficially, the complexities of conventional OR-PAM systems can be greatly relieved. We have obtained photoacoustic images of a carbon fiber with a diameter of ∼6  μm, whose lateral resolution was measured to be better than 6 to 7 μm.