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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
10:16

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Published on: September 15, 2016

Smell and autoimmunity: a comprehensive review.

Carlo Perricone1, Netta Shoenfeld, Nancy Agmon-Levin

  • 1Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|December 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The sense of smell, or olfaction, is linked to autoimmune diseases. Research shows impaired smell in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting a connection between olfaction and autoimmunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Olfaction is crucial for environmental perception, converting chemical signals into sensations.
  • Olfactory dysfunction is known in neurological disorders but recently explored in autoimmune diseases.
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exhibit olfactory disturbances linked to neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the connection between autoimmune diseases and olfactory function.
  • To investigate the role of genetics and hormones in autoimmunity and olfaction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on olfactory function in patients with SLE and other autoimmune conditions.
  • Analysis of genetic and hormonal factors potentially linking olfaction and autoimmunity.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is observed in SLE, Sjögren's syndrome, and other immune-mediated diseases.
  • Genetic susceptibility loci for autoimmune diseases are near olfactory receptor genes.
  • Hormonal and environmental factors influence both autoimmune disease development and potentially olfaction.

Conclusions:

  • A significant link exists between autoimmunity and the sense of smell.
  • Genetic and hormonal factors may mediate the relationship between olfaction and autoimmune diseases.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate this complex association.