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Related Concept Videos

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction01:24

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
Principles of Classical Conditioning01:23

Principles of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
Classical Conditioning in Daily Life01:17

Classical Conditioning in Daily Life

Classical conditioning, a fundamental principle of associative learning, explains various phenomena observed in daily life, such as fear development, the placebo effect, taste aversion, and drug habituation. These applications demonstrate the profound impact of associative learning on human behavior and physiological responses.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner famously demonstrated the development of fear through classical conditioning in their experiment with Little Albert. They paired the...
Operant Conditioning01:21

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning, a key concept in behavioral psychology, involves using reinforcement and punishment to alter the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. B.F. introduced this type of conditioning. Skinner focused on voluntary behaviors and the consequences that follow them, influencing whether these behaviors will be strengthened or diminished.
Reinforcement in operant conditioning can be positive or negative, both of which serve to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Positive...
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...

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Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease
10:19

Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease

Published on: August 22, 2014

Do different conditioning regimens really make a difference?

Didier Blaise1, Luca Castagna

  • 1Department of Hematology and Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France. blaised@ipc.unicancer.fr

Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program
|December 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduced-intensity conditioning has improved allogeneic stem cell transplants, lowering mortality and expanding patient eligibility. Further research is needed to optimize regimens for minimal toxicity and maximal graft-versus-tumor effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Reduced-intensity/nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have seen increased use over 15 years.
  • Diverse conditioning and immunosuppression strategies have evolved, impacting HSCT outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens on allogeneic HSCT.
  • To highlight the expansion of HSCT to previously ineligible patient populations.
  • To identify areas for future research in optimizing HSCT regimens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in allogeneic HSCT conditioning.
  • Analysis of outcomes in various patient groups undergoing reduced-intensity HSCT.
  • Discussion of current challenges and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Reduced-intensity conditioning has significantly decreased transplantation-related mortality.
  • HSCT is now accessible to elderly, clinically unsuitable, and patients lacking HLA-identical donors.
  • These regimens represent a major breakthrough in HSCT.

Conclusions:

  • While reduced-intensity conditioning has improved HSCT, optimal regimens for minimizing mortality and maximizing graft-versus-tumor effects are still under investigation.
  • Further prospective comparative trials are essential to define the best strategies.
  • Ongoing comparison with traditional HSCT and other treatments is necessary.