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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...
Classification of Leukocytes01:30

Classification of Leukocytes

Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
Structure and Function of Leukocytes01:21

Structure and Function of Leukocytes

An adult in good health typically has between 4,500 and 11,000 leukocytes, or white blood cells, per microliter of blood, which constitutes about 1% of the total blood volume. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells contain a nucleus and other cellular organelles but do not have hemoglobin. Most white blood cells reside in connective tissues, particularly in lymphatic organs such as the lymph nodes, with only a small fraction present in circulating blood.
White blood cells protect the body...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...

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Related Experiment Video

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Assessment of the Metabolic Profile of Primary Leukemia Cells
06:21

Assessment of the Metabolic Profile of Primary Leukemia Cells

Published on: November 21, 2018

Malignant or benign leukocytosis.

Tracy I George1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5627, USA. tigeorge@stanford.edu

Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program
|December 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Distinguishing malignant from benign leukocytosis is crucial for patient care. This involves confirming complete blood counts, examining peripheral blood smears, and differentiating myeloid from lymphoid processes using morphology and flow cytometry.

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From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
10:18

From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Published on: October 19, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Clinical Pathology
  • Laboratory Medicine

Background:

  • Leukocytosis, an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count, is a frequent laboratory finding.
  • Accurate differentiation between malignant and benign causes of leukocytosis is essential for appropriate patient management and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a systematic approach for evaluating leukocytosis.
  • To differentiate between reactive and neoplastic causes of myeloid and lymphoid leukocytosis.

Main Methods:

  • Confirmation of complete blood cell count and WBC differential.
  • Peripheral blood smear examination for morphology and differential confirmation.
  • Flow cytometry and molecular studies for lymphoproliferative disorders.
  • Bone marrow examination for precursor lymphoid neoplasms and myeloid malignancies.

Main Results:

  • Morphological assessment of lymphocyte populations (pleomorphic vs. monomorphic) aids in distinguishing reactive lymphoid proliferation from lymphoproliferative disorders.
  • Enumeration of blasts, immature granulocytes, and assessment of dysplasia are key for identifying myeloid malignancies.
  • Reactive myeloid leukocytosis, often associated with infection, typically shows activated neutrophil changes.

Conclusions:

  • A stepwise diagnostic approach, integrating automated counts, manual differentials, morphology, and ancillary studies like flow cytometry and bone marrow examination, is critical for accurate leukocytosis evaluation.
  • Distinguishing reactive myeloid leukocytosis from myeloid malignancies relies on careful manual differential counts and identification of specific cellular features.
  • Suspicious findings for lymphoproliferative disorders warrant further characterization by flow cytometry and potentially molecular studies.