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Related Concept Videos

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue, improving...
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece01:23

Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece

Oxygen delivery is critical in clinical care, especially for patients with respiratory disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures. Various systems, such as tracheostomy and the T-piece, deliver oxygen to the lungs, ensuring adequate arterial oxygenation.
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...
Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
07:15

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation

Published on: December 5, 2025

Long-term oxygen therapy.

Surinder K Jindal1, Ritesh Agarwal

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. dr.skjindal@gmail.com

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine
|December 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) benefits patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its effectiveness for mild hypoxemia or other conditions remains uncertain, with current research ongoing.

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) improves survival and reduces pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients with resting hypoxemia (PaO2 ≤55 mmHg).
  • The efficacy of LTOT in non-COPD pulmonary diseases and non-pulmonary conditions is not well-established.
  • The role of LTOT in mild hypoxemia (PaO2 >55 mmHg) is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the existing evidence on the benefits and limitations of long-term oxygen therapy.
  • To explore the current research landscape regarding LTOT in various patient populations.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of four controlled trials was conducted.
  • Trials focused on patients with nocturnal desaturation or daytime moderate hypoxemia.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
07:15

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Inspiratory Muscle Training as an Adjunct to the Treatment of Weaning Failure in Critically Ill Patients: A Practical Guide
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Main Results:

  • The meta-analysis found no significant difference in survival for patients receiving LTOT compared to those not receiving it, in the studied subgroups.
  • Advances in oxygen delivery devices have increased the practicality and popularity of domiciliary oxygen therapy.

Conclusions:

  • The survival benefit of LTOT is primarily established for severe resting hypoxemia in COPD.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of LTOT in mild hypoxemia and other conditions.
  • Patient compliance with domiciliary oxygen therapy remains a concern.