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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...

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Updated: May 16, 2026

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
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Prostate specific antigen best practice statement: 2009 update.

Kirsten L Greene1, Peter C Albertsen, Richard J Babaian

  • 1American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland, USA.

The Journal of Urology
|December 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prostate cancer screening with PSA testing has risks and benefits. Men should discuss these with their doctor, considering factors beyond a single PSA level, and be aware of overdetection and overtreatment risks.

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Published on: November 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Prostate cancer is a significant health concern for men.
  • Early detection through Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) testing is a common strategy.
  • The American Urological Association (AUA) provides best practice policies for PSA testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide current information on PSA testing for men at risk of prostate cancer.
  • To outline the risks and benefits associated with early prostate cancer detection.
  • To summarize the 2009 AUA PSA Best Practice Policy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current professional literature.
  • Incorporation of clinical experience.
  • Expert opinions from a multispecialty panel.

Main Results:

  • The baseline age for PSA testing is now recommended to be 40 years.
  • A single PSA threshold value for prostate biopsy is no longer recommended.
  • Biopsy decisions should consider multiple factors including PSA, digital rectal exam (DRE), PSA velocity, PSA density, family history, and comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Prostate cancer screening may lead to overdetection and overtreatment.
  • Men should be fully informed about the risks and benefits before undergoing screening and biopsy.
  • Active surveillance is a viable option for certain men diagnosed with prostate cancer, potentially avoiding immediate treatment.