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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis
07:20

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis

Published on: October 18, 2024

Discovering common combinatorial histone modification patterns in the human genome.

Changgui Linghu1, Haiying Zheng, Liping Zhang

  • 1School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.

Gene
|December 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new algorithm to find common histone modification patterns in human T cells. The findings reveal key co-occurring histone marks, aiding epigenetic research.

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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

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The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin
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The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis
07:20

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis

Published on: October 18, 2024

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
11:02

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

Published on: May 17, 2016

The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin
24:02

The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin

Published on: April 11, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Histone modifications are critical epigenetic regulators of gene expression and cell fate.
  • Understanding combinatorial histone modification patterns is essential for deciphering gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a statistical hybrid clustering algorithm for identifying common combinatorial histone modification patterns.
  • To systematically investigate histone modification patterns in human CD4+ T cells.

Main Methods:

  • A novel statistical hybrid clustering algorithm was developed.
  • The algorithm was applied to analyze 39 histone modification marks in human CD4+ T cells.
  • Results were compared against patterns identified by tandem mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • Identified 854 common combinatorial histone modification patterns.
  • Achieved 76.17% coverage of previously identified patterns (211 out of 277).
  • Found that 15 specific histone modifications, including acetylations and methylations, frequently co-occurred. DNA methylation was observed to associate more with histone acetylation than methylation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed algorithm effectively identifies combinatorial histone modification patterns.
  • Specific histone modifications show high co-occurrence frequencies, providing insights into epigenetic regulation.
  • Findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the interplay between different epigenetic marks.