Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

No description available

Regulated mRNA Transport

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...

Regulated mRNA Transport

Regulated mRNA Transport

No description available

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Discovery and therapeutic delivery of microRNAs targeting deregulated glioblastoma pathways inhibits tumor growth in mice.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026

Same author

The MLLT3 YEATS domain binds histone marks (H3K9/18/27ac/cr) and ncRNA (7SK), linking transcription and RNA signaling to regulate hematopoiesis.

Cell reports·2026

Same author

Oncofetal RNA-binding proteins of IGF2BP family suppress IRF-3 and NF-kB dependent transcription downstream of cytosolic RNA sensors.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Isoform-Specific Localization Diversifies Human MSI2 Function.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

DHX36 is a regulatory switch in the interferon-mediated antiviral response.

Science advances·2026

Same author

The human DEAD-box protein DDX3X regulates host and viral mRNA translation during Sendai Virus infection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Incoming US science academy chief vows to 'double down' on research.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Author Correction: Synthesis of enantioenriched atropisomers by biocatalytic deracemization.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Electrodeposited self-assembled molecules for perovskite photovoltaics.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Neutrino's nursery found: the 'Shadow Blaster'.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Dementia risk in middle-aged people linked to a blood protein.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Daily briefing: What's really happening with trust in science.

Nature·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

FMRP targets distinct mRNA sequence elements to regulate protein expression.

Manuel Ascano¹, Neelanjan Mukherjee, Pradeep Bandaru

¹Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.

|December 14, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Researchers identified RNA targets of the FMRP protein, revealing pathways crucial for developing new therapies for FXS and ASDs.

More Related Videos

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology

Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology

Published on: September 30, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 1, 2026

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology

Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology

Published on: September 30, 2016

Area of Science:

Genetics
Neuroscience
Molecular Biology

Background:

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder causing intellectual disability and is linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).
FXS results from reduced expression of the FMR1 gene, which produces the FMRP protein, essential for RNA regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify RNA-recognition elements and binding sites of FMRP and its paralogs (FXR1P, FXR2P).
To investigate how FMRP binding to target mRNAs influences protein levels and signaling pathways in various tissues.
To establish a basis for new therapeutic targets for FXS and ASDs.

Main Methods:

Characterization of RNA-recognition elements in FMRP.
Identification of mRNA targets for wild-type and mutant FMRP isoforms and paralogs.
Analysis of FMRP's impact on target mRNA protein levels in cell culture, mouse ovaries, and human brain tissue.
Examination of target gene dysregulation in Fmr1(-/-) mouse ovaries.

Main Results:

Distinct RNA-recognition elements and binding sites for FMRP, FXR1P, and FXR2P were identified.
FMRP binding characteristics (frequency, ratio, distribution) dictate target mRNA association.
Numerous ASD-associated genes were found to be FMRP targets, with FMRP influencing their protein levels across different biological contexts.
Dysregulation of these targets was observed in Fmr1(-/-) mouse ovaries, indicating shared signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

FMRP targets share conserved signaling pathways relevant to both FXS and ASD.
The study provides a ranked list of potential therapeutic targets for neurological disorders like FXS and ASDs.
Understanding FMRP-RNA interactions is key to unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying FXS and ASDs.