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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Population-based reference values for 3D echocardiographic LV volumes and ejection fraction.

Navtej S Chahal1, Tiong K Lim, Piyush Jain

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom.

JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging
|December 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study provides crucial age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific reference values for 3D echocardiography (3DE) left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (LVEF). These findings aim to standardize 3DE use in clinical practice.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • Transthoracic 3D echocardiography (3DE) is recommended for evaluating left ventricular (LV) volumes and function.
  • A lack of population-based reference values for 3DE hinders its routine clinical adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific reference values for 3DE LV volumes and LV ejection fraction (LVEF).
  • To define these values in a large cohort of European white and Indian Asian subjects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the LOLIPOP study, including subjects without cardiovascular disease, hypertension, or type 2 diabetes.
  • Performed transthoracic 2D and 3D echocardiography to quantify LV end-systolic volume index, LV end-diastolic volume index, and LVEF.

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Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
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Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
07:11

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Main Results:

  • 3DE image quality was satisfactory in 89% of subjects (n=978).
  • Indexed 3DE LV volumes were smaller in females vs. males and Indian Asians vs. European whites.
  • Provided specific upper limit of normal reference values for LV volumes across four ethnicity-sex subgroups.
  • 2D echocardiography underestimated LV volumes compared to 3DE; LVEF was similar between methods and groups.

Conclusions:

  • The established reference values are derived from the largest 3DE study to date.
  • These values will aid in standardizing 3DE technique and promoting its routine use for LV assessment.
  • Supports the use of ethnicity-specific reference values for indexed LV volumes.