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Related Concept Videos

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway01:17

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway

Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
Endoplasmic Reticulum01:39

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells is a substantial network of interconnected membranes with diverse functions, from calcium storage to biomolecule synthesis. A primary component of the endomembrane system, the ER manufactures phospholipids critical for membrane function throughout the cell. Additionally, the two distinct regions of the ER specialize in the manufacture of specific lipids and proteins.
ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...

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Related Experiment Video

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Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells
16:43

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells

Published on: February 18, 2014

Endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction in neurological disease.

Benoit D Roussel1, Antonina J Kruppa, Elena Miranda

  • 1Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

The Lancet. Neurology
|December 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction is implicated in neurological disorders. Targeting ER stress pathways may offer new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells
16:43

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Published on: February 18, 2014

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae
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Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae

Published on: February 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a factor in various neurological conditions.
  • Protein misfolding within the ER triggers cellular stress responses, impacting neuronal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of ER dysfunction in neurological disorders.
  • To investigate the mechanisms of ER stress and overload responses in neurodegeneration.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets within ER signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ER stress and neurological diseases.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in unfolded protein response and ER overload.
  • Comparison of ER dysfunction mechanisms across different neurodegenerative conditions.

Main Results:

  • ER dysfunction is linked to cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other neurological diseases.
  • Amyloid-beta peptide induces ER stress in Alzheimer's, activating similar pathways to stroke.
  • Neuroserpin accumulation causes an ER-overload response, distinct from the unfolded protein response.

Conclusions:

  • ER dysfunction plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of multiple neurological disorders.
  • Understanding ER stress and overload mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Targeting ER signaling pathways holds promise for treating neurodegenerative diseases.